BRUSSELS, Belgium, June 19, 2024 (BSS/AFP) - The European Union is expected
on Wednesday to rebuke nearly 10 governments, including France and Italy,
over their excessive spending after new budget rules entered into force this
year.

It comes at a particularly difficult moment for France, where both the far
left and far right are piling up spending promises ahead of snap polls
triggered by President Emmanuel Macron's crushing EU election defeat.

This will be the first time Brussels reprimands nations since the EU
suspended the rules after the 2020 Covid pandemic and the energy crisis
triggered by the Ukraine war, as states propped up businesses and households
with public money.

The EU spent two years during the suspension overhauling the budget rules to
make them more workable and give greater leeway for investment in critical
areas like defence.

But two sacred goals remain: a state's debt must not go higher than 60
percent of national output, with a public deficit -- the shortfall between
government revenue and spending -- of no more than three percent.

The European Commission will publish assessments of the 27 EU states' budgets
and economies on Wednesday, and will likely point out that some 10 countries
including Belgium, France and Italy, have deficits higher than three percent.

The EU's executive arm has threatened to launch excessive deficit procedures,
which kickstart a process forcing a debt-overloaded country to negotiate a
plan with Brussels to get back on track.

Such a move would need approval by EU finance ministers in July.

Countries failing to remedy the situation can in theory be hit with fines of
0.1 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) a year, until action is taken to
address the violation.

In practice, though, the commission has never gone as far as levying fines --
fearing it could trigger unintended political consequences and hurt a state's
economy.

- Break with the past -

The EU countries with the highest deficit-to-GDP ratios last year are Italy
(7.4 percent), Hungary (6.7 percent), Romania (6.6 percent), France (5.5
percent) and Poland (5.1 percent).

They will "likely" face the excessive deficit procedures, alongside Slovakia,
Malta and Belgium, which also have deficits above three percent, according to
Andreas Eisl, expert at the Jacques Delors Institute.

The picture is complicated for three other countries, Eisl said. Spain and
the Czech Republic exceeded the three percent limit in 2023 but should be
back in line this year.

Meanwhile, Estonia's deficit-to-GDP ratio is above three percent but its debt
is around 20 percent of GDP, significantly below the 60 percent limit.

The commission will look at the states' data in 2023 but "will also take into
account the developments expected for 2024 and beyond", the expert told AFP.

Member states must send their multi-annual spending plans by October for the
EU to scrutinise and the commission will then publish its recommendations in
November.

Under the new rules, countries with an excessive deficit must reduce it by
0.5 points each year, which would require a massive undertaking at a moment
when states need to pour money into the green and digital transition, as well
as defence.

Adopted in 1997 ahead of the arrival of the single currency in 1999, the
rules known as the Stability and Growth Pact seek to prevent lax budgetary
policies -- a concern of Germany -- by setting the strict goal of balanced
accounts.