KINGWOOD, United States, May 8, 2024 (BSS/AFP) - Before a T. rex can tower
over museum visitors or a Triceratops can show off its huge horns, dinosaur
fossils must first be painstakingly reconstructed -- cleaned, fit together
and even painted.

For US restorationist Lauren McClain, the process is like putting together a
giant 3D puzzle.

McClain's job begins at her home workshop near Houston, Texas, where she
carefully clears away dirt stuck to the more than 60-million-year-old remains
using a tiny drill with an air compressor, similar to a dentist's tool.

Then, she must assemble this ancient puzzle -- even though pieces are almost
always missing.

She molds fillings for the lost parts, plugging the holes and repairing the
nicks that have appeared in Edmontosaurus femurs or Megalodon teeth over
millions of years. She has even worked on a fossil from a 200-million-year-
old Eurypterida, or sea scorpion.

McClain doesn't actually like puzzles very much, she says.

But when it "turns into a dinosaur... I can get down with those kinds of
puzzles," the 33-year-old says.

"When you've got something that's in a hundred pieces, you really have to
study all of those edges and how they align, and really, really hone in on
those details to rebuild it into what it was," McClain explains.

Many of the giants McClain reconstructs once roamed the land which is now the
United States, ranging from Florida in the southeast all the way to Montana
and the Dakotas in the north and California in the west.

- Prehistoric femur -

McClain has been a dinosaur buff since she was a child fan of "Jurassic
Park." She even held her wedding at the Houston Museum of Natural Science,
home to several dino skeleton recreations.

While working as a graphic designer, McClain began joining fossil excavations
a few years ago, and with the help of a few professional paleontologist
mentors, set up her own restoration venture, called Big Sky Fossils.

She quit her desk job to focus on her company full time seven months ago.

Recently, McClain has been working on the cranial dome of a
Pachycephalosaurus belonging to a Texas museum, and, while looking for more
space to expand her workshop, has been working in her garage to restore a
Hadrosaurid femur almost as big her.

First, she inserts a metal rod into the giant thigh bone, for stability.
Next, she gives it a good clean and uses a powerful glue to bind all the
pieces together. Then, an epoxy putty fills in all the gaps where pieces of
the fossil have fallen away. Finally, McClain paints all the new parts the
same color as the original.

"Restoring missing pieces from fossils, it's oftentimes the hardest part,"
McClain says.

"Because not only do you need to have an understanding of the anatomy of that
specific dinosaur, but you need a good reference."

"I talk to a lot of paleontologists in order to get it right," she adds.

- Patience and observation -

Movies make audiences believe that dinosaur fossils are dug up from the
ground intact, says David Temple, a paleontology curator at the Houston
Museum of Natural Science.

"But in reality, it's not like that at all," he explains.

"Every fossil ever found needs some degree of curation, some degree of
restoration, some degree of consolidation, because even the act of getting it
out of the ground -- it's destructive," says Temple, speaking in the museum's
Cretaceous period section.

Once restored, the original fossils are also used to make life-like replicas,
so that several versions of the same model can be displayed in multiple
places at once.

"A lot of paleontologists will prep their own fossils, but they don't all do
that," Temple says. "A lot of times they recognize that the people that do
this, it's a very specialized skill."

Sometimes, when pieces of bone that don't quite fit are glued together, the
paleontologists and restorationists joke that they have invented "a new
species," he says.

"Patience is very important. Observation is very important," he adds.

Most of all, restoration work requires care, Temple says.