WASHINGTON, May 31, 2024 (BSS/AFP) - A Pfizer lung cancer drug has been
shown to greatly reduce tumor progression and improve survival outcomes for
people in the advanced stages of a rare form of the disease, according to
trial results published Friday.

Lorlatinib, which is already approved and available under the brand name
Lorbrena in the United States, was tested in a clinical trial of hundreds of
people with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive advanced non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC).

Roughly half received lorlatinib while the rest received crizotinib, an
earlier generation drug.

After five years of follow-up, more than half of patients treated with
lorlatinib did not see their cancer progress.

"We're talking about patients with advanced metastatic disease -- so this is
actually a truly unprecedented finding," Pfizer's thoracic oncology strategy
lead Despina Thomaidou told AFP.

Sixty percent of patients receiving lorlatinib, an oral one a day tablet,
were alive without disease progression after five years compared to 8 percent
on crizotinib.

"There is an 81 percent reduction in the risk of progression or death," added
Thomaidou.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally.

NSCLC accounts for more than 80 percent of lung cancers, with ALK-positive
tumors responsible for roughly five percent of NSCLC cases, translating to
around 72,000 new cases each year worldwide.

ALK-positive NSCLC mostly affects younger patients and is not strongly linked
to smoking. It is also very aggressive -- 25-40 percent of people with ALK-
positive NSCLC develop brain metastases within the first two years.

Lorlatinib penetrates the blood-brain barrier better than prior generation
medicines, said Thomaidou, and works to inhibit tumor mutations that drive
resistance.

Patients on the lorlatinib arm had a 94 percent risk reduction in the
progression of brain metastases compared to crizotinib.

Side effects of lorlatinib included swellings, weight gain and mental health
problems such as depression.

"The progression-free survival is outstanding -- we have not seen anything
close to this," said oncologist David Spigel of Sarah Cannon Research
Institute in Nashville, who was not involved in the study.

One critique he had was that lorlatinib was compared to crizotinib, which was
"an outstanding drug in its time," but has since fallen out of use in the
United States.

The results were published at the annual meeting of the American Society of
Clinical Oncology and in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.