PARIS, Oct 30, 2024 (BSS/AFP) - Massive fields of magma underneath ancient 
volcanoes spewed out carbon dioxide long after eruptions on the surface had 
ended, potentially explaining why past global warming episodes lasted longer 
than expected, a study said Wednesday.

Humans are emitting far more planet-heating carbon-dioxide (C02) than all the 
world's volcanoes put together. But scientists hope that by studying climate 
change in Earth's distant past, they can understand how the world heats up -- 
and crucially, how it can cool down again.

Scientists have long been puzzled by how long it took Earth's atmosphere to 
recover from a mass extinction event 252 million years ago that ended the 
Permian period.

It was the most severe extinction event in our planet's history, wiping out 
roughly 90 percent of marine species and 70 percent of those on land.

Scientists believe the upheaval was caused by huge volcanic eruptions in 
Siberia. The eruptions created what are called large igneous provinces -- 
huge underground regions of magma and rock -- which have been linked to four 
of the five big mass extinctions since complex life appeared on Earth.

It took Earth's climate nearly five million years to recover.

But according to scientific models, the world should have regrouped much more 
quickly.

"Earth's natural thermostat seems to have gone haywire during and after this 
event," said Benjamin Black, a researcher at Rutgers University in the United 
States and lead author of a new study in the journal Nature Geoscience.

- 'This gives me hope' -

To find out more, the US-led team carried out chemical analyses of lava, used 
computer models to simulate inner-Earth processes and compared climate 
records preserved in rock.

Their results suggested that even once volcanic activity had ended during 
past episodes, magma kept releasing carbon dioxide deep in the Earth's crust 
and mantle, which continued heating the globe.

"Our findings are important because they identify a hidden source of CO2 to 
the atmosphere during moments in Earth's past when climate has warmed 
abruptly and stayed warm much longer than we expected," Black said in a 
statement.

"We think we have figured out an important piece of the puzzle for how 
Earth's climate was disrupted, and perhaps just as importantly, how it 
recovered."

Black told AFP that the process described in the study "definitely cannot 
explain present-day climate change".

All the world's volcanoes currently "release less than one percent as much 
carbon to the atmosphere as human activities," he explained.

The type of volcanism the team investigated was last seen on Earth 16 million 
years ago, Black said, and was so enormous it could "cover the continental 
United States or Europe half a kilometre deep in lava".

But if the findings are confirmed, it could show that Earth's thermostat is 
working better than scientists had thought.

"This gives me hope that geologic processes will be able to gradually draw 
anthropogenic CO2 back out of the atmosphere," Black said.

"But it will still take hundreds of thousands to millions of years, which is 
obviously a long time for human beings."