KOUROU, Dec 26, 2021 (BSS/AFP) - The world's most powerful space
telescope on Saturday blasted off into orbit, headed to an outpost 1.5
million kilometres (930,000 miles) from Earth, after several delays caused by
technical hitches.

   The James Webb Space Telescope, some three decades and billions of dollars
in the making, left Earth enclosed in its Ariane 5 rocket from Kourou Space
Centre in French Guiana.

   "What an amazing day. It's truly Christmas," said Thomas Zurbuchen, head
of scientific missions for NASA, which together with the European and
Canadian space agencies, ESA and ACS, built the telescope.

   ESA chief Josef Aschbacher said he was "very happy to say that we've
delivered the spacecraft into orbit very precisely... that Ariane 5 performed
extremely well".

   This was key, since placing the spacecraft in orbit helps economise on the
fuel the telescope will need to reach its final destination and perform well
after that.

   It is expected to take a month to reach its remote destination.

   It is set to beam back new clues that will help scientists understand more
about the origins of the Universe and Earth-like planets beyond our solar
system.

   Named after a former NASA director, Webb follows in the footsteps of the
legendary Hubble -- but intends to show humans what the Universe looked like
even closer to its birth nearly 14 billion years ago.

   Speaking on social media, Webb project co-founder John Mather described
the telescope's unprecedented sensitivity.

   "#JWST can see the heat signature of a bumblebee at the distance of the
Moon," he said.

   All that power is needed to detect the weak glow emitted billions of years
ago by the very first galaxies to exist and the first stars being formed.

   US President Joe Biden congratulated NASA and the Webb team for the
launch, saying on Twitter the telescope "is a shining example of the power of
what we can accomplish when we dream big."

   - 'Exceptional measures' -

   The telescope is unequalled in size and complexity.

   Its mirror measures 6.5 metres (21 feet) in diameter -- three times the
size of the Hubble's mirror -- and is made of 18 hexagonal sections.

   It is so large that it had to be folded to fit into the rocket.

   That manoeuvre was laser-guided with NASA imposing strict isolation
measures to limit any contact with the telescope's mirrors from particles or
even human breath.

   Once the rockets have carried Webb 120 kilometres, the protective nose of
the craft, called a "fairing", will be shed to lighten the load.

   To protect the delicate instrument from changes in pressure at that stage,
rocket-builder Arianespace installed a custom decompression system.

   "Exceptional measures for an exceptional client," said a European Space
Agency official in Kourou on Thursday.

   Once it reaches its station, the challenge will be to fully deploy the
mirror and a tennis-court-sized sun shield.

   That intimidatingly complex process will take two weeks and must be
flawless if Webb is to function correctly.

   Its orbit will be much farther than Hubble, which has been 600 kilometres
above the Earth since 1990.

   The location of Webb's orbit is called the Lagrange 2 point and was chosen
in part because it will keep the Earth, the Sun and the Moon all on the same
side of its sun shield.

   Webb is expected to officially enter service in June.